Essay on Ancient Egyptian economic surplus - 1017 Words

Effects of Economic Surplus: Egypt Ancient Egypt is such an interesting and amazing society to study due to the various factors that allowed the city and population to thrive. The culture, quite different to other cultures around the world in ancient times, developed quite unique traditions, technologies and ideas. Small features of this society including aligning the 4 corners of the pyramids and being able to divide the year into 365 days makes it truly fascinating, The main reason that this society was able to thrive and be successful can be attributed to the great Nile River. Due to this people were able to settle which lead to the creation of a surplus, which could be sustained for around 2000 years. How is the Surplus Created†¦show more content†¦The Old Kingdom from Ancient Egypt was considered to be the most successful part of their history. The economic surplus was great and the Pharaoh was ruling all of Egypt successfully. This allowed the civilization to thrive and led to the construction of the great pyramids. However the people of ancient Egypt had the biggest roles in controlling the economic surplus as they grew crops and constructed buildings for the population to grow and flourish. Who Protects the Surplus? As well as controlling the surplus, the Pharaoh had the head duties of protecting it. The ancient Egyptians used many unique factors to help protect their civilization. Soldiers were used, much like in other ancient civilizations, to protect the Nile River, expand their land settlement area and support the rule of the Pharaoh. During the New Kingdom, Egyptian armies became a powerhouse and very active allowing for expansion. Ancient Egypt could be protected quite well due to environmental factors including the river and desert. The river being surround by 1000’s of miles of desert made it easier to predict where attacks may come from. The Nile itself was also be able to used thanks to its slow moving nature. This provided a great highway that promoted economic and political stability and uniformity (Lockard, 2011). How are those within the civilization who do not control or protect the surplus affected by it? The people within the ancientShow MoreRelatedThe Egyptians were experts at trading, importing and exporting goods with various countries. Due to800 Words   |  4 PagesThe Egyptians were experts at trading, importing and exporting goods with various countries. Due to its geographical location, Ancient Egypt was able to obtain great success through trading and commerce. The Nile River provided many inlets into the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea, these passages allowed for greater opportunities for trading and communication with neighboring countries. The use of vessels proved to be a great resource in securing the Egyptian economy with its vast amount of richesRead MoreTaking a Look at Ancient Egypt1181 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent setups cultural and political aspects when civilization was emerging. The Egyptian civilization was the earliest and it was one of the catalysts in the development of civilization in other parts of Africa. The civilization began around 3000 BC. Its civilization is known to be one of the longest serving civilizations in the world’s history. Egypt is located in the Nile valley of northeast Africa. The life of Ancient Egypt was centered on the river Nile and the fertile land around it for the purposeRead More Mycenaean Civilization Essay1634 Words   |  7 PagesMycenaean Civilization The Mycenaean civilization flourished for four hundred years in the late Bronze Age before collapsing in to small bands of subsistence farmers. Some historians attribute this decline to ‘the Sea People’ who terrorized the Egyptians, Anatolians and the Hittites. But could a mysterious people who left no archeological proof of their existence really bring about the collapse of entire civilizations? Mycenaean civilization is characterized by the large palace-like buildingsRead MoreMesopotamia, Egypt and China Essay871 Words   |  4 PagesThe civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and China were all different but were also developed similar ways of doing things. The political, economic and intellectual outlooks of these ancient peoples say a lot about their ways of life. The religious views of Egypt and Mesopotamia were rather different. II. Politics The political thinking of these ancient civilizations definitely had their differences and also their similarities. A. Mesopotamia Mesopotamia was divided into city-statesRead MoreReligion, Culture And Politics Of Ancient Egypt Civilizations Essay879 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough the lens of ecology can teach one about the divergence of religion, culture and politics of ancient society. There were many great civilizations that sprang up and progressed through the ages. One of this civilization was the ancient Egyptian. The Egyptian civilizations settled on the bank of Nile river which influenced the settlers to advance in the social aspect of their lives. In ancient Egypt, ecology played in important role in the development of their religious beliefs, culture, andRead MoreThe Significance of Agriculture in Early Human Civilization1500 Words   |  6 Pageseverything from powerful governments to the day-to-day life of citizens the world over. This paper will discuss the importance of the development of agriculture among early humans with specific regard to the rise of Mesopotamian city-states and the ancient Egyptian nation state. These two early societies provide poignant examples of the profound influence of agriculture. In their respective eras, they were the most important and powerful cultures in the world; this is as a direct result of their abilityRead MoreThe Ways Of The Nile River1355 Words   |  6 Pages Egypt was developed. Without the Nile River, Egypt would be nothing but a desert since it receives such little rainfall. The Nile River has provided Egypt with fertile land which had allowed it to become one of the greatest civilizations of the ancient world. Egypt relied heavily on agriculture for its power and wealth. Egypt was able to take advantage of the rising and falling of the Nile River’s water levels also known as inundation and relinquishment. During inundation, which would take placeRead M orehis112 r3 Ancient Civilizations and the Greek World Matrix1457 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿University of Phoenix Material Ancient Civilizations and the Greek World Matrix Complete the matrix by entering cultural, political, and economic developments that had lasting effects or that are significant of each civilization. The table includes one example. Civilization Cultural Developments Political Developments Economic Developments Mesopotamian Developed the beginnings of astronomy and mathematics Believed in many gods not just one. Emergence of Kings, exercised distinct political ratherRead MoreEgyptian Leadership Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesWithout a leader, a state does not grow and flourish as quickly or efficiently as states with leaders. Early Egyptian leaders allowed Egypt to become a notable state through their communication, ideas, innovation, and will. Showing how Egyptians rulers made a presence in the predynastic period, how they developed to be leaders, and how they impacted a state are important when considering Egyptian state formation. In early Egypt around 4000 B.C. rulers were not evident within the area. In this area thereRead MoreCauses Of Minoan Civilization993 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Civilization is an important part of people’s live. It develops when the environment of a region can support a large and productive population. Civilization is a social, economic, and political entity distinguished by the ability to express itself through images and written language (H.Sayre, 2011, P.1). Minoan civilization is the first advanced civilization of the prehistoric Aegean region that was developed on a small island of Crete, where Sir Arthur Evans an English archaeologist

The Role Of The Government - 998 Words

The Role of the Government Demisha L. Crawford LAW/562 July 27th, 2015 Professor: Carmina Perez-Fowler Introduction Today’s assignment will focus on a discussion with a Founding Father by the name of Benjamin Franklin regarding the role of the government. The topic of the discussion is the current state of the federalist of the government, the different branches, functions, structural, and political characteristics, federal powers and exclusive powers. At the end of this assignment Benjamin Franklin will have knowledge of how the government operates in the 21st century. Explain the roles of the various branches of government, their administrative functions, and their structural and political characteristics Mr. Benjamin Franklin, the first topic of discussion is the roles of the various branches of government, and they are as follows, the legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative branch is responsible for the laws regarding passing bills, impeachment, and spending. The House of Representatives and Senate also falls under the body of the judicial branch. For example Mr. Franklin, the legislative branch, along with the Governor of Texas, Greg Abbott passed a law regarding carrying concealed weapons to colleges. According to Ali Bidwell (2015) with US News, â€Å"Licensed gun owners may soon be allowed to carry concealed handguns on public college and university campuses in Texas, under aShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Government On The Government776 Words   |  4 Pagesmostly by creating jobs and providing relief for the Americans. It aimed at helping the Americans who were left struggling after the recession. Question: Did the act only provide relief in housing? Post 2. Brandy The writer has addressed an important role played by the Fed in ensuring the implementation and enforcement of the Truth in Lending and Regulation Z. I support the point that protecting the public from misinformation and misleading information is the first step in regulating extortive realRead MoreRole Of Government In Government1155 Words   |  5 Pagesbehind a government headed by 35 Kikuyu District Commissioners (DCs) of the 41 positions, 5 Kikuyu Provincial Commissioners (PCs) out of the 8 PCs. During his regime, Kenyatta grew very hostile to those who arrayed criticism against his governance policies. For example, one of his allies during the struggle for independence leading to the formation of the new government, J. M. Kariuki, was assassinated under very suspicious circumstances. He had become a critic of the official government corruptionRead MoreThe Role of the Government in the Society1234 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The government has a particularly complex role in society and it is thus essential for the social order to be able to elect its government. In contrast to other bodies, governments have the legal right to use force and this means that all governments need to be carefully organized in order for individuals in these communities to be able to accurately comprehend concepts like morality and the best interests of the groups that they represent. Governmental behavior need to reflect behavior seen inRead MoreRole of Government in Economics1028 Words   |  5 PagesRole of Government The government provides the legal framework and the services needed for a market economy to operate effectively. The legal framework sets the legal status of business enterprises, ensures the rights of private ownership, and allows the making and enforcement of contracts. Government also establishes the legal rules of the game that control relationships among business, resource suppliers, and consumers. Discrete units of government referee economic relationships, seek out foulRead MoreThe Role of Government in Economy1216 Words   |  5 Pagesdebates on how far government should interfere with the economy. Government has played an impact on the economy with the purpose to maximize the well-being of society. What governments generally do is to assure the economy grows at a steady pace, increase level of employment and stabilize the price level. However, whether government should take active policies to interfere with economy or just let it grow naturally has raised widely discussion . This essay discusses the role of government by analyzing bothRead MoreRole Of The Media And Government1570 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This assignment will analyse the role of the media and government in sports. Nowadays the media have playing a fundamental role in the sports. The 2000 UEFA Champions League football final between Real Madrid and Valencia was involved 300 hours of coverage world-wide, was be seed in more than 200 countries, using 100 television channels and 80 broadcasters. In March 2004 the IOC began the bidding process for the European TV rights to cover the 2012 and 2010 Olympic Games. The USA biddingRead MoreThe Role of Government in Policy790 Words   |  4 Pages| The Role of Government in Policy making Legislative tasks are not easily formed. Within our government there are three branches. The executive branch is the branch that oversees healthcare matters with the president as the â€Å"CEO†. The other two branches, legislative and judicial, serve their own purpose each separate from the other two. Each branch contributes its own unique processes in establishing social policy. Alcohol Drug Abuse Council for the Concho Valley is a nonprofitRead MoreThe Role of Local Government2607 Words   |  11 PagesBackground – Changes in the last 10 yrs Since 1997 central government has been pursuing an agenda of local government modernisation designed to tackle some of the fundamental public service, governance and accountability concerns facing local authorities and the public sector more widely. From CCT to Best Value, one of the biggest changes has been in performance management and the rating of authorities in relation to the CPA regime and the drive for continuous improvement and value for money.   ThisRead MoreThe Role Of Government Policy3004 Words   |  13 PagesThe role of government policy is critical in addressing the needs and interests of different social groups in society. Government Policy gives society affiliated to a particular group, the necessary confidence in making judgment of their rights and freedoms. Government policy is further evaluated with respect to contemporary societal needs, in terms of its effectiveness in tackling social challenges. The Equality Act 2010 is one of the notable government policie s stipulating the role of the governmentRead MoreRole of Media in Government3028 Words   |  13 PagesWhat is the role of media in government? 2012 Kevin M. Nthurima American Government 10/26/2012 Table of Contents Introduction 3 History of media in the United States 4 Entertainment Media 5 Political Media 6 Social Media 7 Informative (Internet) Media 8 Traditional vs. New age Media 9 Conclusion 10 Bibliography 12 Introduction The following research paper topic is the role of media in government mainly based on the United States government. It will comprise of all the reasons that media

George Washington was the first to realize the imp Essay Example For Students

George Washington was the first to realize the imp Essay ortance and need of canals for the nations development, but never completed his thought. On July 4 1817 the Erie Canal was began by Governor DeWitt Clinton a former New York city mayor and US Senate in Rome New York. It took much persistence and determination by Governor DeWitt Clinton to make the Erie Canal a reality. He believed the canal could be dug across the entire state of N.Y. to form a water route through the Appalachian range and become a Gateway to the West. In 1808 Governor Clinton asked the N.Y legislator to form a Committee to study his idea. After three years the committee recommended the canal be built at an estimate of $5 million. This was delayed because President Madison vetoed the federal assistance for the project and because of the war of 1812. The N.Y. legislator than granted him a huge sum of $6 Million. The canal was opened on Oct 26, 1825 and referred to as the eighth wonder of the world. The canal a 363 mile water way 40 feet wide at the top, 28 feet wide a t the bottom and only 4 feet deep it runs from Albany N.Y, to Buffalo N.Y across rivers, valleys, and mountains. The canal was engineered by only a few engineers in the country, who had no idea how to construct a canal. The canal was constructed and problem solved by trial and error. There were so many inventions developed during the construction of the canal like the big two wheeled device to pull trees and roots out of the ground, and a special cement that hardened under water. Many Americans considered it the first school of engineering. The New Yorkers did not have to wait until the entire canal was completed because it was built in sections and each section was used as completed. It took 2years for the first section to be completed from Utica to the Seneca River, the 98 mile middle section opened May 1820. The next section ran eastward to Little Falls opened in 1821. In 1322 the canal reached Schenectady on the east and Rochester on the west. By 1823 the eastward section was co mpleted to Albany and the Hudson River. The last miles were through Lock port completed in 1824 running westward to Buffalo in 1825, were the most difficult to build. At this point there was 7 miles of 30 feet thick limestone rock and flint, which took 2 years to burrow through by blasting rock with explosives. Today it is known to geologists as (Lock Port Dolomite). We will write a custom essay on George Washington was the first to realize the imp specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now GROUND BREAKING/THEIR SALARY- The canal was officially named the The Erie Canal but it had other names such as: The Grand Erie Canal, The Great Western Canal, The Big Ditch, The Mother of Cities, The Lifeline Of The Union, The Empire State, Clintons Ditch, Clintons Folly, the governments gutter, the governments gully, and some people called it that Dam Fool Dig. More than 50 contractors worked on the first 58 miles of work authorized by the commission. The 3,000-4,000 laborers; farmers and immigrants from Europe and Ireland were paid from 37 112 cents to 50 cents per day, using spades and wheelbarrows to carry away the dirt. Some of the farmers decided to use horse drawn plows to break the ground and pull the dirt to the side. Using this method 3 men working with horses or oxen could excavate a mile in one season. Also working like this in a group they were paid 12 1/2 cents per cubic yard of dirt. One team dug out 3 rods of canal in 5 1/2 days a total of 250 cubic yards of dirt, totaling a wage of $1.88 per day/per team. Today a steam shovel could do this in 30 minutes. The Irish were grateful for this because back home their wage was a dime. They also could make money if the wished by being paid by the amount of dirt they excavate each day.DISEASES-In the summer of 1819 1,000 men were incapacitated many died between July and October from M alaria, Pneumonia, and Typhus fever, from the Montezuma swamp land west of Syracuse, which came from the Anopheles mosquitos bite which caused malaria. 70 man died like flies when the canal approached the swampy valley of Seneca valley. The canal commission did not issue a warning because it would have horrified the country.Despite the hard efforts of the men who died. They were buried in anonymous graves without a single stone to mark their resting place, and not any remembrance of the heroes who were at rest. OPERATION OF LOCKS-The legal speed limit of the canal was 4 miles per hour pulled by horses and oxen that were changed at relay stations to animals to rest. The lock keepers were awakened by the steer mans horn to open and close the gates and to drop a boat from one level to another. The boat sinks foot by foot until finally it is with the surface below. The horses or oxen than resume pulling the boat along the river. The process is reversed to go up current;instead there are pipes under the water level that fill the lock rising the boat until it is level with the water level, and the lock gates open to allow the ship to sail on At Lock ports in downtown there is a double set of 5 locks to raise or lower a boat 70 feet. The canal shortened the travel time from Buffalo to N.Y. city from 6 weeks to 10 days. Over 13,000 boats and 40,000 setters used canal to go west, making Buffalo a major trade center with the west. As the US expanded westward in the late 18th century, people in a4, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and western N.Y. had to find ways to transport their goods. The Erie Canal allow transporting of produce, especially grains from the west, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan and other Great Lakes to the east and the west was able to receive manufactured goods in exchange. The canal produced rapid growth of cities near the canal and rapid development of central and western N.Y state raising land values and made business grow. The Erie Canal made N.Y. city the ce nter for foreign and domestic trade in the United States. New York city took over Philadelphia and Boston becoming a major seaport in country. Before the canal was built it cost $400 and took 6 weeks to move a ton of freight from Buffalo to N.Y. city. When the canal was completed it cost $10 and took 10 days to transport freight containing raw materials. When completed in 1825 the 360 mile long canal connected Lake Erie in Buffalo with the Hudson River in Albany providing cheap transportation. People were able to travel by barge from Albany to Buffalo for only $8. More than $40,000 people traveled west on 13,000 boats, barges, and rafts. To celebrate the opening of the canal in 1825 Governor DeWift Clinton rode the canal within 9 days carrying a key of Lake Erie water from Buffalo to N.Y. city. There cannons boomed, flags waved, and speeches were given. DeWitt Clinton finished it off at the end by dumping the Lake Erie water into the Atlantic Ocean. TODAY- Today the Erie Canal is kn ow as the N.Y. and remodeled between 1905-1913 by Governor Theodore Roosevelt making the canal wider, the depth 12 feet deep instead of 8 feet and lengthening the locks to accommodate barges 300 feet long, carrying 240 tons instead of 30 tons it once carried, Because of the remodeling freight can still be transported between Buffalo and N.Y. city cheaper than by railroad and by average just as fast, because it moves steadily without stopping or layovers. Like the old fable the tortoise and the hare slow and steady wins the race. Today we can trace the Erie canal across N.Y.S by looking for towns names, if the name begins or ends with port or basin this is a reminder where the canal ran. The names chosen meant something usually honoring the first settlers and achievers. .You may notice an old gray (building) stone building off the N.Y.S thruway by the Port Byron Travel Plaza, this is the relic and remains of the Old Erie Canal lock 52. This was saved and maintained during the constru ction of the N.Y.S Thruway in the 1950s. Those of us who studied or read about the Erie Canal may think of some songs sung during the construction of and while transporting on the Erie Canal; a more popular song was Mule Sal.

Racism and Dawn of the Dead Essay Example

Racism and Dawn of the Dead Essay The day August 28th, 1963, tremendous amount of Americans were gathered in Washington. Black and white, young and old, they demanded the equal treatment for black Americans. The nation’s most famous civil rights leader, the Reverend Martin Luther King, was speaking: â€Å"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.† This day marks the historical moment of the massive protest against the racial segregation. African Americans have been treated unequally through the American history. Before 1970s, black people were separated from white people in any public areas; they had less right than whites. Same situation black people were facing in American film industry; black people have less opportunity to be on screen and they are nearly segregated from acting as the main character. For instance, audiences can barely find one black face in the 1930s film, Bride of Frankenstein. Or in the later 1975 movie Mandingo, black people were described as untamed monsters owned by masters that they â€Å"deserved† everything they got. But, a controversial American director, George Romero, does not let those prejudices root in his mind. He heirs black actors to be protagonist to fight these racial stereotypes. In an interview with the New York Times, George Romero describes his zombie films as â€Å"snapshots of North America at a particular moment.† Romero’s second zombie film, Dawn of the dead, is a good piece which appeals to racism. In Henry Powell’s essay â€Å"One Generation Consuming the Next: The Racial Critique of Consumerism in George Romero’s Zombie Films†, he indicates: â€Å"In general, the film (Dawn of the Dead) serves as case studies in the ways the thinking or acting of the previous decade has negatively affected our society in terms of marginalizing people and perpetuating inequality among the non-rich and non-whit

What does Banduras study of Aggression tell us about development Essays

What does Banduras study of Aggression tell us about development Essays What does Banduras study of Aggression tell us about development Paper What does Banduras study of Aggression tell us about development Paper * Banduras research suggested that we learn our behaviour from our social environment. * Bandura used this research to develop his Social Learning Theory. This theory sets out one way in which children develop their behaviour as they grow older. * The theory (SLT) suggests that we can learn from role models or significant others, simply by observing their behaviour no reinforcement is needed. The role model must be someone who is of high social status for that individual an adult, teacher, popstar, or older peer. This person is seen as successful and worthy of copying. * Bandura found that children will model their behaviour on an adult role model. The model acted in an aggressive way (and showed the same types of aggression imitation) than children who had observed a non-aggressive model. This was only true of children who observed the same sex role model, which suggests that females are not significant others for boys. * These findings would suggest that a childs development can be easily shaped into any form of behaviour. According to this theory, a child could develop anti-social or pro-social behaviour by observation. * One other finding was that the children who observed the non-aggressive model also showed some aggression (non-imitative aggression). This would suggest that they had either learned to be aggressive in some previous situation or that aggressive play was innate (built-in). What does Banduras Study tell us about early childhood experiences? This study tells us the following: * That we can learn from our social environment at the age of 37-69 months. * We learn from role models or significant others who are of high social status or significance to us. In this study it was an adult (male and female) * It would suggest that we only have to see something once for it to influence our behaviour. * It would suggest that we as children are very vulnerable to outside influences and that our behaviour can be shaped for good (pro-social) or bad (anti-social) by those around us. * His findings for the power of the same sex role models suggest that Males influence boys and females influence girls. * Thus for a child to develop in a way which would make them pro-social, the child would need to be surrounded by pro-social models. * The study does not tell us anything about free-will (can we make our own judgements). Comment on the Generalisability of the findings from Banduras study (sampling) * The study was of 72 children with a mean age of 52 months, ranging from 37-69 months and 36 boys and 36 girls were in the sample. * A matched pair design was then used with 24 children in each of the 3 conditions. * The question remains, were these children representative?.. * The sample is relatively small, especially when it is broken down into 3 groups. This might mean that there was a likelihood of biases in the sample or that not all types of children would be included in the group. * The children were volunteers (self-selected sample). The danger with this type of sample is that subjects who volunteer or who belong to families who volunteer them may have some personality characteristic or may be from a social group or location which is not representative of children as a whole. * The children were from the USA. Would the findings have been the same for all cultures. Some cultures have a norm of non-violence (Amish People) where as the USA is a very violent society (ethno-centrism). The study was done in (1961) are the findings still generalisable to children today? How could you make sample more generalisable? * Bigger (more representative) * Random (less likely patterns of bias) * Variety Cultures (more representative) * Variety of locations (more representative) * Variety of age ranges (more representative) * Are the finding representative of all ages? How did Bandura investigate development / How has development been investigated. * Bandura used an experiment to investigate child development. * The experiment was lab-based (Procedures + Conditions standard) * The study had 2 experimental conditions and control groups. * Subjects were allocated to groups following a matched pair design. * The IV was whether the subjects observed aggression or non-aggressive play. * The DV was the level of aggressive play which was imitative. * Bandura collected the data by observation. * So Bandura used scientific methods to investigate development. What does Banduras study tell us about the influence of other people on our behaviour the nature/nurture debate. * Bandura constructed his theory of Social Learning (Social Learning Theory) * His experiments with aggression and the bobo doll form a key piece of evidence which supports this model/theory. * The theory is a social determinism in that it only recognises that our behaviour is the product of our social environment. There is not reference to free-will or individuality. * We learn our behaviour by observation of significant to us (Peers, Parents, teachers, media, sports stars). * We are also much more likely to model ourselves on same sex role models. * Thus the main findings of Banduras study would support the nurturist view of human behaviour. * However, the findings are with young children, would adults be influenced in the same way it is unlikely. * Some children showed non-imitative aggression this might suggest that they were innately aggressive (nature) * Problems of generalisability. What are the implications for society of Banduras study? * Banduras study showed how simple it is for young children 52 months (37-69months) average age to learn from another person. * From the research it would suggest that that person must be an adult and of the same sex. * The study showed that even an anti-social behaviour can be learned in this way. * These findings would suggest that as a society we must take great care about the examples we set our children and great care over who we set-up as role models for children. * Parents need to be aware of the power of role models on young children. The media has a very important role as there are many potential role models on TV and films which children watch. The media has a very important role as there are many potential role models on TV and films which children watch. The media must put forward pro-social role models for children. So must the world of sport. Children must not watch films etc after the 9.00 OClock watershed. Video games should be made less aggressive so that children do not model their behaviour on anti-social characters. What are the strengths and weaknesses of Banduras study. Strengths: * Was an experiment which used scientific methods it could, therefore, show a cause and effect relationship and the results are of a high status. * The study was lab-based so that Bandura and his colleagues could control all extraneous variables and standardise conditions for all of the subjects as necessary. Also easy to repeat. * The study used a matched pair design so that any comparisons made between groups would be based on groups of subjects who were much the same in terms of their aggression levels. * Bandura used a control group which could act as a point of comparison or as a base-line to measure the other group against. * Bandura used observations of subjects so that actual behaviour was measured and not recorded / reported behaviour such as in questionnaires. * Bandura also used a team of observers and checked the inter-observer reliability with a correlation test. The result was .90 very high. This showed that observers were collecting data in the same way. * Bandura standardised the role models by showing the role model on a film rather than in real life where each performance could be slightly different ? much harder to check imitative aggression levels. (later experiments) Weaknesses: * The lab may have low ecological validity. * The behaviour may not have been natural because of experimental demand. (they guessed that the experimenter wanted them to be aggressive). * The sample was relatively small and may have been unrepresentative of wider populations. * The sample was made-up of volunteers. There may have been biased in some way because volunteers or their parents might have some personality characteristic which makes them prone to modelling behaviour. * The sample were children from the USA. A very violent society. Are the findings biased or representative of other cultures. * The use of a bobo doll was artificial. Children are bound to play in an aggressive manner with such a toy it is designed to do so. Would the children do the same in a real life situation with a real person. * Ethics: Bandura may have harmed children by teaching them to play aggressively and an adult playing aggressively may have frightened some children.

Free Essays on Views On Western Civilization

Discussion #4 In Condorcet’s Progress Of The Human Mind the enlightenment view of history is expressed as a series of long open-ended questions that sort of map out what mankind has to do in order to develop, improve and be peaceful. In the first paragraph Condorcet quotes â€Å"Will not every nation one day arrive at the state of civilization attained by those people who are most enlightened, most free, most exempt from prejudices, as the French, for instance, and the Anglo-Americans?† I think what he means here is that in order for a nation or the world to become a better place people need to put aside all their differences and just except the fact that everyone is human and that we’re all the same. In Condorcet’s view man’s greatest crime and fault is war. On page 300 Condorcet is being quoted saying â€Å"The people being more enlightened, and having resumed the right of disposing for themselves of their blood and their treasure, will learn by degrees to regard war as the most dreadful of all calamities, the most terrible of all crimes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In Condorcet’s view man should use technology to improve upon man’s capabilities and skills and improve himself rather than to destroy himself, â€Å"†¦, that instruments, machines, looms, will add every day to the capabilities and skill of man-will augment at once the excellence and precision of his works, while the will diminish the time and labour necessary for executing them.† The final stage of human development is for the enlightened people to be able to pass on enlightenment to their children. In the 1851 Economist progress has been â€Å"rapid† since the late half of the 18th and the first half of the 19th century. Where roads in 1650 were â€Å"almost as bad everywhere, except near the metropolis: the streets nearly as ill-lighted and not much more and ill-arranged.† In the middle of the 18th century the streets are described as being lit up in a â€Å"blaze of ligh... Free Essays on Views On Western Civilization Free Essays on Views On Western Civilization Discussion #4 In Condorcet’s Progress Of The Human Mind the enlightenment view of history is expressed as a series of long open-ended questions that sort of map out what mankind has to do in order to develop, improve and be peaceful. In the first paragraph Condorcet quotes â€Å"Will not every nation one day arrive at the state of civilization attained by those people who are most enlightened, most free, most exempt from prejudices, as the French, for instance, and the Anglo-Americans?† I think what he means here is that in order for a nation or the world to become a better place people need to put aside all their differences and just except the fact that everyone is human and that we’re all the same. In Condorcet’s view man’s greatest crime and fault is war. On page 300 Condorcet is being quoted saying â€Å"The people being more enlightened, and having resumed the right of disposing for themselves of their blood and their treasure, will learn by degrees to regard war as the most dreadful of all calamities, the most terrible of all crimes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In Condorcet’s view man should use technology to improve upon man’s capabilities and skills and improve himself rather than to destroy himself, â€Å"†¦, that instruments, machines, looms, will add every day to the capabilities and skill of man-will augment at once the excellence and precision of his works, while the will diminish the time and labour necessary for executing them.† The final stage of human development is for the enlightened people to be able to pass on enlightenment to their children. In the 1851 Economist progress has been â€Å"rapid† since the late half of the 18th and the first half of the 19th century. Where roads in 1650 were â€Å"almost as bad everywhere, except near the metropolis: the streets nearly as ill-lighted and not much more and ill-arranged.† In the middle of the 18th century the streets are described as being lit up in a â€Å"blaze of ligh...

Biography of Alan Stillman Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Biography of Alan Stillman - Essay Example The original intention of TGI Friday’s was to provide people with a neighbor friendly bar where they could grab a hamburger or French fries. Through Alan’s innovation, the joint started serving burgers on toasted English muffin in an effort to create an in-house atmosphere. The results were tremendous. Alan had underestimated the influence serving food would have. In an effort to lure ladies, the joint began giving out burgers for free during end month. The argument was that many girls pay could not sustain them over the whole month. The joint quickly grew in popularity prompting the hiring of security guards in only three months of operation. Increased hordes of customers meant a significant restructuring for the joint. The foods had to be changed to adjust to menus that were quick to prepare. The second TGI Friday’s location was in Tennessee. A lad from Memphis approached Alan with the intention of buying a franchise. At the moment, Alan understood little about franchises. The counterpart offered to help with the idea of a fifty/fifty ownership stance. With the success of the second outlet, more people partnered with Alan resulting in about six outlets, in the country. This was a rapid growth of the enterprise. Soon, interested parties who possessed more capital than Alan approached with an intention of setting up similar franchises in Dallas. The Dallas partner was Scoggin and Henrion. The Dallas premises was twice the size of the original TGI Friday’s and raked in an annual figure of $2,000,000. A shift in Stillman’s business took place in the year 1971. The economy was experiencing a downtrend. People from all sorts of places were chasing Alan around trying to buy the interest. A prospective customer offered one million dollars, which Alan took gladly.

O.J. Simpson Crime Scene Evidence Research Paper

O.J. Simpson Crime Scene Evidence - Research Paper Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 A. Accusations of Evidence Tampering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 6 B. Police Inexperience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 C. Cross-contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 D. Bloody Fingerprint on the Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 IV. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 V. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Abstract A celebrity case like that of the O. J. Simpson twin murders case draws a lot of media attention. The issue of race had also been injected into the case trial because of claims of racist behavior from some police officers of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) and one of them was Mark Fuhrman who happened to be also the first among the police offic ers to arrive on the crime scene. When racism becomes an issue, there is the motivation and the suspicion that an investigator like Fuhrman could not be above planting or tampering with evidence especially if it concerns on his behavior towards blacks and inter-racial unions. If the prosecution lost the case, then they have only themselves to blame for it. There were a lot of mistakes made when they did the initial investigation and even during the trial proper; some officers were found to be perjured. In addition to accusations of racial biases and evidence tampering, inexperienced police officers were assigned to the case; from the collection of samples up to the examination of blood samples which kept turning up as evidence even days and weeks into the investigation. There were many instances of cross-contamination also between the crime scene and the residence of Simpson that was initially not considered as possible crime scene. The failure to get the proper search warrant also invalidated much of the evidence that was gathered. A very crucial piece of evidence like a bloody fingerprint, containing the fingerprint of the probable killer and the DNA itself, were not utilized by the prosecution to the fullest extent as a strong corroborative and direct evidence. Keywords: blood, DNA, Fuhrman, fingerprint, glove, samples, Simpson LAW: O. J. Simpson Crime Scene Evidence Introduction Today's societies are often engulfed in a wave of crimes, both property and index crimes that people are rightly afraid for their safety and security. There comes sometimes a crime that is quite unique because of the circumstances and personalities involved. This specially if the crime involves famous personalities such that the public is enthralled and mesmerized by sort of media circus and details of the crime are often obscured. The media can turn crime reporting into a kind of entertainment in the pursuit of a good story. The story then becomes a good fodder for society gossip and diverts the true objective of a crime scene investigation which is to catch the criminal. There is also a long-accepted principle in jurisprudence that flight is indicative of guilt. This is certainly true in most cases where the suspected criminal becomes a fugitive in trying to stay ahead of the arm of law. However, it is also not entirely impossible that a person who can be initially considered innocent takes to flight out of confusion, fear or simply panic on not knowing what proper courses of action to take. A good crime investigation takes not only the

Electronic Health Records Essay Example for Free

Electronic Health Records Essay Implementing a new electronic health records (EHR) system to replace manual records is an extremely complicated task. EHRs use complex algorithms to exchange patient data among different physicians and departments such as a pharmacy and laboratory. EHRs are becoming popular because employees and patients can access records anytime and anywhere. Patient drug alerts are also part of the system to warn emergency room and intensive care nurses about potential drug reactions. A needs assessment is a systematic procedure to determine what components are required for EHR implementation to prevent failure of the highly costly investment. Although EHR systems have been shown to dramatically reduce human error, proper assessment before undergoing the implementation process is critical or errors and costs could actually increase. An EHR assessment must be completed before the software packages can be selected to ensure it is conformed perfectly to the specialized needs of the hospital. According to the California Medical Association the assessment has two steps: 1.) Readiness Assessment; and 2.) Work Flow Analysis (Ginsberg et al., n.d.). The assessment should be done by a seasoned group of engineers, physicians, lab workers, billing staff, pharmacists, and nurses to collaborate so that each department increases patient safety and efficient care. The assessment should include a web-based demonstration that allows all stakeholders to identify gaps that would hinder their job responsibilities. Once the needs assessment has been done and vendors chosen as potential suppliers, the readiness assessment should begin. One of the most important data to collect is financial resources. Are more physicians going to be  hired that will increase training costs? Can the organization truly afford the upstart investment and ongoing computer support? Space considerations are also critical to evaluate because most closets are too small for the new EHR platforms that have huge servers. High-speed internet capabilities are a must for EHR data exchange between stakeholders. Moreover, are existing medical records planned to be thinned to put the data into the new system? If so, data needs to be destroyed according to HIPP protocol to protect patient confidentiality. The work flow analysis portion of the needs assessment looks at step-by-step procedures. Examples are scheduling, diagnostic tests, and reviewing tests, prescribing medication, clinical notes, and billing data (Ginsberg et al., n.d.). Other data to be analyzed for the EHR system should be medical history forms, lists of current medications vital signs, insurance, and referrals. The flow of steps in this planning process involves network upgrades, expanding server room space, a Medicare fraud plan, selection of three EHR vendors, visiting other hospitals using the systems, negotiating, and finally select the model that is best suited to all stakeholders. A 10-year study done by the Canada Health Info way about who should be consulted during adoption of an EHR system looked at 29 key stakeholders involved in establishing policy (Rozenblum et al., 2001). They found that stakeholders should be consulted from a bottom-up, clinical needs approach first because they will be the heaviest users of the system. This means physicians, nurses, certified nursing assistants, billers, lab workers, and pharmacy employees need to have significant input into selecting what aspects are most important. The number one reason for implementation failure is inadequate involvement of line-worker clinicians (Rozenblum et al., 2001). Therefore, the informatics team must work very closely with these stakeholders. Other critical stakeholders to consult are the finance department to ensure how much funding is available. Patients are also important stakeholders because no one wants their health information linked to a huge system that is insecure and prone to hacking confidential medical records. Policy makers at the executive organizational and governmental level also have powerful sway over which EHR is chosen. Lack of  collaboration among these diverse groups can delay implementation of the system for decades. Appropriate needs assessment provides relevant feedback to upper management. This helps these higher-ups make wise decisions based on financial resources, training needs for staff, vendor choice, and whether or not EHR is even necessary (Hartzler et al, 2013). Upper management is also provided with the ability to analyze which employees should have access to the system (or what parts of the system) to complete their designated tasks. Gaps between â€Å"wants† and â€Å"needs† can also be identified so that valuable resources are analyzed in cost-benefit analysis. Training needs or additional hiring of employees can also be anticipated to prevent glitches in the system due to human error. EHR systems can increase profit margins and protect patients from human error if assessed closely prior to purchase and implementation. References Ginsberg, D. (n.d.). Successful preparation and implementation of an electronic health records system. Best Practices: A guide for improving the efficiency and quality of your practice. Retrieved December 26, 2014 at https://www.cmanet.org/files/pdf/ehr/best-practices-7.pdf. Hartzler, A. et al. (2013). Stakeholder engagement: A key component of integrating genomic information into electronic health records. Genetics in Medicine, 15, 792-801. Rozenblum, R. (2001). A qualitative study of Canada’s experience with the implementation of electronic health information technology. CMAJ, 183(5), E281-E288.

Abortion is a Global Issue :: Essays Papers

Abortion is a Global Issue Sonia Correa wrote an article for Women’s International Network News entitled â€Å"Abortion is a Global Political Issue†. In this article, abortion is looked at as a political issue that affects the world. The idea of a mother terminating her own pregnancy has been an issue since the Ancient Romans ruled the known world and Christianity was established. They did not believe in depopulating a world when the expected age of death for four out of 100 people was 50 years of age. The Catholic Church in the time of the Inquisition was permitting extreme punishment for women who aborted their babies and their midwives, if they assisted in the abortion. After the United States ruled on the constitutionality of abortion in 1973, Senator Jesse Helms achieved an agreement of a provision prohibiting American aid funds in activities related to abortion. Correa uses logic and reasoning in her article that abortion is a political issue that affects the entire world. She states that â€Å"†¦abortion is a worldwide public health problem.† One example is in the time of the Roman Empire. During this time period, the world was having a crisis with depopulation and fertility was looked at as a blessing. Killing an innocent, unborn child would have been unheard of at that time period. Another instance is the European Catholic Inquisition tracked down and even executed those who would abort a child. These women being executed, usually thought as witches, were the mothers and the midwives. The logic of these times would not make abortion a way of life. Abortion was portrayed as wrong for oneself and wrong for the society in which they lived. Many credible sources are used to show how abortion is a political issue that affects the world. The United States Supreme Court in 1973 decided on the constitutionality of abortion. Senator Jesse Helms approved a condition that prohibited activities that were related to abortion were not permitted to use American funds. During this period of time the Right to Life movement was growing. A group of agents from this movement decided to get their point across to bomb clinics and kill the doctors who performed abortions.

INBM Essay

Catch of the day Kalastaa Inc. have been in the local Finnish aquaculture industry for nearly fourteen years. They raise salmon and trout for local markets, and have recently negotiated a deal with a small fish processing plant that distributes under a major product label in Finland. Although they run a rather small operation, employing 16 people year-round, Kalastaa believes they are in a position to export some surplus and perhaps broker further deals with fish processing plants around the European Union. They do want to maintain ties with the local fresh fish markets, but sales have been steadily decreasing since the sudden influx of cheaper Scottish salmon on the market. They know their stock is of higher quality and could be exported abroad quite profitably. Kalastaa has contacted the government and enrolled in small business export initiatives. This has enabled the company to attend aquaculture conferences abroad and offered them the opportunity to network and make contact with DanskFisk, a Dut ch importer. Plenty more fish in the sea? DanskFisk was eager to negotiate a contract for 2 tonnes of Finnish salmon to distribute to a number of clientele throughout the country. Payment of credit was arranged by a Dutch bank. The documents required were a commercial invoice, the insurance policy, a marine bill of lading, and a certificate of quality. Kalastaa has arranged to have their fish inspected by a nationally accredited standards organization. Both parties agree in their contract that Kalastaa will pay freight to Rotterdam and will also insure the shipment. Once the salmon has been delivered, DanskFisk will assume all responsibility. The Finish Food Inspection Agency reports to Kalastaa that the fish to be exported is of superior quality, with a fat content of 11 percent. The  certificate of quality includes a code for superior quality and also states a color code that is standard to the Salmofan scale. Colour coding is a common practice in the fish industry and provides a method of standardization for something as subjective as colour. Both in production and sales, colour is the most important quality parameter for salmon. Salmon buyers can request information on the colour of a delivered lot in the form of a number corresponding to a colour number on the Roche scale. Another salmon colour reference is the colour number on the Salmofan scale. Kalastaa’s bank, acting as their export advisor, contacts the  company to tell them that the letter of credit has fallen though because the certificate of quality is vague and it cannot be ascertained if the shipment has passed its quality certification. Somethin g is fishy†¦ The documents were delivered directly to the buyer for payment. DanskFisk insists on inspecting the shipment upon arrival. DanskFisk is not an experienced salmon importer, and usually deals with Spanish Blue Fish and Irish Char. They are not in disagreement that the salmon shipment has passed quality inspection. Upon DanskFisk’s inspection, they claim that the fat content of the stock is much higher than is claimed in the quality inspection. They reject the sale and will accept substitute goods, but are claiming damages for loss of profit. Kalastaa management wonder if they need to rethink their exporting strategy. Case Study Discussion Questions 1.  Which shipping vessels would be most appropriate for Kalastaa to ship their product to Rotterdam? 2.  Describe the purposes for each of the export documents that Kalastaa need to provide to secure documentary credit. 3.  Which Incoterm would best represent the terms of sale between Kalastaa and DanskFisk? 4.  Would Kalastaa have benefited from employing a freight forwarder? Explain.

Cannibalization

Cannibalization Assignment Your choice of line extension (Allround +) which of the line extensions do you believe will have the least degree of cannibalization and why? We chose the 12-hour multi-symptom capsule because it will have the least amount of cannibalization because our product right now only works for 4 hours. We will reach a new market of customers and it won’t hurt our market with our Allround product. The capsules are also different because they are easier to carry around so that will reach different customers.The degree to which you believe the sales of your choice of line extension will come from your current core product (Allround). We believe that our new product, Allround +, won’t take much of the sales revenue from our current product Allround. The products tend to customers in different markets and customers looking for different things in their OTC medicines. We do, however, believe that Allround will help Allround + get sales because of how well k nown the Allround brand is and how respectable our company is.What options do you have to minimize the degree of cannibalization of the line extension? We could try to position them on the shelf in different areas so that customers don’t have to choose between the two products. We could position the new Allround + next to the Extra brand because then it would be in competition with that brand instead of competition with our Allround. This would also be good because in our marketing plan we discussed that our biggest competitor is Ethik so that would go in line with competing with them.We could also market to different kinds of customers. With the Allround + product, we could market to more active people that are out all day that need the 12 hours of help and with Allround we could just market to parents of children who are at home all day where it doesn’t matter if you took several doses a day. Another option would be to make the Allround + product a little more expens ive because it lasts so much longer and is more efficient. This would cause there to be two different types of customers who are buying the different products.

Herodotus essays

Herodotus essays Herodotus was a Greek historian, generally called the Father of History. The work of Herodotus is the oldest surviving major Greek prose and the first history in Western civilization. He was born at Halicarnassus, a Greek state under Persian rule, in southwestern Asia Minor. After a civil war, he left his homeland for good and spent some time in nearby Ionia. Then he traveled widely: as far south as Elephantine in Egypt; eastward into Asia to Babylon; and north to the far coast of the Black Sea. He lived in Periclean Athens for a while and took part in the Athenian colonization of Thurii in southern Italy in 433. Since he referred to early events of the Peloponnesian War, he must have lived past 431. His tomb was later shown at Thurii, but it is possible that he died in Athens, where he recited some of his history. The preface of his history begins, These are the researches of Herodotus of Halicarnassus, which he publishes, in the hope of thereby preserving from decay the remembrance of what men have done. He sought to describe and explain great wars before his own generation. To Herodotus, two ways of life were opposed to one another in these wars-the freedom of the Greeks and the despotism of the Persians; nevertheless, he was so fair to the Persians that he was called in later ages friend to the barbarian. Herodotus was also deeply interested in the geography and ethnography of the lands he had visited, and he discussed the customs he found there in great deal. As he states in Book II, chapter 123, of his history, I propose to myself throughout my whole work faithfully to record the traditions of the several nations, particularly if they produced entertaining stories. His account, however, does not take up the period of myth and epic to any extent. He was skeptical of the story of King Minos thalassocracy in Crete, and he doubted that Helen ever went to Troy...

Crustacean Facts

Crustacean Facts Crustaceans are some of the most important marine animals. Humans rely heavily on crustaceans for food; and crustaceans are also an important prey  source for  marine life  in the ocean food chain for a variety of animals, including whales, fish, and pinnipeds. More diverse than any group of arthropods, crustaceans are second or third in abundance of all categories of animal life after insects and vertebrates. They live in inland and ocean waters from the Arctic to the Antarctic as well as from elevations in the Himalayas up to 16,000 feet to well below sea level. Fast Facts: Crustaceans Scientific Name: CrustaceaCommon Names: Crabs, lobsters, barnacles, and shrimpBasic Animal Group: InvertebrateSize:  From 0.004 inches to over 12 feet (Japanese spider crab)Weight: Up to 44 pounds (American lobster)Lifespan: 1 to 10 yearsDiet:  OmnivoreHabitat: Throughout the oceans, in tropical to frigid waters; in freshwater streams, estuaries and in groundwaterPopulation: UnknownConservation Status: Many crustaceans are extinct, extinct in the wild, or endangered or critical. Most are classified as Least Concern. Description Crustaceans include commonly-known marine life such as crabs, lobsters, barnacles, and shrimp. These animals are in the Phylum Arthropoda (the same phylum as insects) and Subphylum Crustacea. According to the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, there are over 52,000 species of crustaceans. The largest crustacean is the Japanese spider crab, at over 12 feet long; the smallest are microscopic in size. All crustaceans have a hard exoskeleton which protects the animal from predators and prevents water loss. However, exoskeletons dont grow as the animal inside them grows, so crustaceans are forced to molt as they grow larger. The molting process takes between a few minutes to several hours.  During molting, a soft exoskeleton forms underneath the old one and the old exoskeleton is shed. Since the new exoskeleton is soft, this is a vulnerable time for the crustacean until the new exoskeleton hardens. After molting, crustaceans typically expand their bodies almost immediately, increasing by 40 percent to 80 percent. Many crustaceans, such as the American lobster, have a distinct head, a thorax, and an abdomen. However, these body parts arent distinct in some crustaceans, such as the barnacle. Crustaceans have gills for breathing. Crustaceans have two pairs of antennae. They have mouths made up of one pair of mandibles (which are eating appendages behind the crustaceans antennae) and two pairs of maxillae (the mouth parts located after the mandibles). Most crustaceans are free-ranging, like lobsters and crabs, and some even migrate long distances. But some, like barnacles, are sessile- they live attached to a hard substrate most of their lives. Rowan Coe/Getty Images Species Crustaceans are a subphylum of the Arthropoda phylum in the Animalia. According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), there are seven classes of crustaceans: Branchiopoda (branchiopods)Cephalocarida (horseshoe shrimp)Malacostraca (decapods- crabs, lobsters, and shrimps)Maxillopoda (copepods and barnacles)Ostracoda (seed shrimp)Remipedia (remipedes)Pentastomida (tongue worms) Habitat and Range If youre looking for crustaceans to eat, look no further than your local grocery store or fish market. But seeing them in the wild is almost as easy. If youd like to see a wild marine crustacean, visit your local beach or tide pool and look carefully under rocks or seaweed, where you might find a crab or even a small lobster hiding. You might also find some small shrimp paddling around.   Crustaceans live in freshwater plankton and benthic (bottom-dwelling) habitats, and can also be found residing in groundwater near rivers and in caves. In temperate locations, small streams support some crayfish and shrimp species. Species richness in inland waters is highest in fresh water, but there are species that live in salt and hypersaline environments.  Ã‚   To protect themselves from predators, some crustaceans are night hunters; others stay in protected shallow slack-water locations. Rare and geographically isolated species are found in karst caverns which get little if any light from the surface. As a result some of those species are blind and unpigmented.   Diet and Behavior Within the literally thousands of species, there is a wide variety of feeding techniques among crustaceans. Crustaceans are omnivores, although some species eat algae and others like crabs and lobsters are predators and scavengers of other animals, feeding on those that are already dead. Some, like barnacles, remain in place and filter plankton from the water. Some crustaceans eat their own species, newly molted individuals, and young or injured members. Some even change their diets as they mature. Reproduction and Offspring Crustaceans are primarily dioecious- made up of male and female sexes- and therefore reproduce sexually. However, there are sporadic species among the ostracods and brachiopods that reproduce by gonochorism, a process by which each individual animal has one of two sexes; or by hermaphroditism, in which each animal has complete sex organs for both male and female sexes; or by parthenogenesis, in which the offspring develop from unfertilized  eggs. In general, crustaceans are polyandrous- mating more than once in the same breeding season- and are fertilized within the female. Some may begin the gestation process immediately. Other crustaceans such as crayfish store the spermatozoa for many months before the eggs are fertilized and allowed to develop. Depending on the species, crustaceans disperse eggs directly into the water column, or they carry the eggs in a pouch. Some carry the eggs in a long string and attach the strings to rocks and other objects where they grow and develop. Crustacean larvae also vary in shape and development process by species, some going through multiple changes before reaching adulthood. Copepod larvae are known as nauplii, and they swim using their antennae. Crab crab larvae are zoea which swim using thoracic appendages.   Conservation Status Many crustaceans are on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List as vulnerable, endangered or extinct in the wild. Most are classified as Least Concern.   Sources ï » ¿Coulombe, Deborah A. The Seaside Naturalist. New York: Simon Schuster, 1984.Martinez, Andrew J. 2003. Marine Life of the North Atlantic. Aqua Quest Publications, Inc.: New YorkMyers, P. 2001. Crustacea (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Thorp, James H., D. Christopher Rogers, and Alan P. Covich. Chapter 27 - Introduction to â€Å"Crustacea. Thorp and Covichs Freshwater Invertebrates (Fourth Edition). Eds. Thorp, James H. and D. Christopher Rogers. Boston: Academic Press, 2015. 671–86.WoRMS. 2011. Crustacea. World Register of Marine Species.

A Discussion of the Marketing Concept and the Implementation of those Essay

A Discussion of the Marketing Concept and the Implementation of those Concepts - Essay Example Music in the Macro-Environment 8 3.1 Evolving forms of Listening 8 4. Final Thoughts 11 4.1 Bagozzi’s Ideas on Transactional Exchange 11 4.2 Conclusion 13 References 14 Marketing and the macro-environment: A discussion of the marketing concept and the implementation of those concepts. 1. Introduction The development of a macro-environment has meant that the field of marketing has had to expand its methods and beliefs as the meanings of consumerism have shifted to a global field of engagement. While a global state of business means that there are more opportunities, it also means that the competition is increased through innovation and local brands that may have an advantage over an international company originating out of foreign lands. Through using concepts and ideas that directly engage the issues that arise when entering into a new market, marketing becomes defined by those issues and the ways they lend towards engaging the consumer in a variety of environments. Marketing involves a series of elements that introduce the consumer to needs in relationship to social expectations. In addition, marketing is involved in the selling of not only tangible ideas, but intangible concepts such as political ideologies, universities, communities, and performers. Exchange becomes defined by the various environments that are involved in marketing. The actors within an exchange are involved in a wider variety of interests within the environments where the macro-environment is concerned. In addition the relationships between the actors is far more complex as barriers between people, in relationship to law, and in relationship to differences in traditions must be navigated in order to appropriately navigate the stream from sales to customer. As the macro-environment influences changes in marketing, it is essential to discuss Bragozzi’s interpretation of exchange. Exchange is defined by Bragozzi using generalities that have relevance, but require some expansion a s popular culture has increased; the consumerist attitude has enveloped society, and as the macro-environment has required a more extensive explanation of exchange. 2. Key Developments and Marketing Responses 2.1 Marketing Marketing is the creation of activities that facilitate the exchange in a consumer context. The idea of exchange is developed through the equality that is created through assigning value and giving one thing of a specific value in exchange for something that represents the same value. The most common example is the exchange of money for goods and services, the goods and services being assigned a specific value that is reflected in a monetary figure. Actual value and social value are often two different ideas. As discussed by Bragozzi, often one part of the exchange or both parts will have negative impact, thus creating an inequality in the exchange. Marketing is the creation of what might be termed as an environment around a product. The environment around a produ ct has its own identity, a culture and belief system through which the product is presented to the consumer. Marketing invites the consumer, through exchange, to become a part of that culture through ownership. 2.2 Key Concepts in Marketing One of the key ideas that are central to marketing is that designing for a product or of a product is central to creating the need that promotes purchase. Creativity is the cornerstone of design, where visuals and text must be in concern with one another in order to have impact. In addition, the culture that is created around the product is a core of how the design must convey the message. Design is developed through a series of elements that come together to convey the most powerful message possible. Within that message is an attempt to convince the

Organisation & Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Organisation & Behaviour - Essay Example een studied by taking into consideration a multinational company, namely Goldman Sachs and a domestic business based in UK, namely Carrington Carr Group. The ways in which organization behaviour have been able to influence the business performance of Goldman Sachs and Carrington Carr have been compared in this work. The leadership style and the motivational approaches followed in these companies have been studied to determine their impacts on the individual and group behaviour in the workplace. The role of technology in effective functioning of the business teams especially in case of wide spread business units have been studied in this work. Based on the comparative evaluation of the two organizations and the behaviour of their employees in the workplace, the key factors for influencing the organizational behaviour and long term value of the business has been recommended. The two organizations chosen for this discussion or organization and behaviour are Goldman Sachs and Carrington Carr Group. Carrington Carr Group is the domestic company that is based in UK while Goldman Sachs is the multinational company in the same industry that deals with the products of financial services, wealth management, investment and insurance. Goldman Sachs is a leading investment bank that provides financial services in the form of investment management and wealth management services to its clients and includes a wide range of products including mutual funds, asset portfolio with a mix of debt, equity, insurance products, etc. Goldman Sachs is headquartered in US with its business spread across various countries all over the world offering investment services and advisory services in the areas of wealth management, protection, etc. The organizational structure of Goldman Sachs reveals that the US based investment banker and financial advisor is governed by a Board of Directors that is headed by their Chairman and Chief Executive Officer with as many as 13 members in the Board. The

Does malcom x deserve the honor of being on a U.S. stamp Essay

Does malcom x deserve the honor of being on a U.S. stamp - Essay Example He later died of an assassination on February 21 1965 (Draper 48). The USPS has strategies that recognize distinguished contributors in the history of the U.S. This is courtesy of the USPS Black Heritage Series that recognizes overlooked historic contributors in America. Among the leaders recognized in the strategy, include Martin Luther King, Jr., Scott Joplin, Sojourner Truth and other leaders in the country’s history. The USPS, through a committee, nominates leaders and historic contributors from a diversity of fields. Such fields include entrepreneurs, scientists, political and social activists. On 20 January 1999, the USPS announced and made celebration for featuring Malcolm X as among the list of notable contributors in the history of the country. That was courtesy of the 33-cent stamp, which bears the photograph of Malcolm X. The USPS featured a photograph of Malcolm X on a 33-cent stamp as a form of honor attributed to his contribution to the history of the country. This was part of the black heritage remembrance series. The decision by USPS triggered the debate on whether he held credit for the recognition (Cooks 161). Malcolm X did not deserve the honor of being on a U.S stamp. The honor by USPS has its basis on appreciation of the nominees in making the history of the country. Malcolm X does not fit the description of one among the great contributors of the history of the country. He was a renowned advocate of Black Nationalism. He was notably in opposition with the nonviolent policies and multiracial approach to having the challenges the blacks faced end, his contribution remains immense. This formed a major reason for their differences with Martin Luther Jr. The two leaders never shared common ways of advocating for the rights of the people. The contribution of Malcolm X in coming up with various acts advocating for the rights of the blacks remains promoted violence. His participation in the 1964 debate over the Civil Rights Act remains a

Dana Hall Essay Example for Free

Dana Hall Essay Develop an action plan, taking into consideration the organizational context and current understanding of the issues. In this assignment, you are asked to stretch your thinking a bit, by designing a preliminary action plan based on your analysis of the Dana Hall case. Instructions 1. Review the action research you have completed thus far on the Dana Hall case. 2. Design a preliminary action plan for addressing the issue at Dana Hall. Use the Action Research Template (in the Resources below) to guide the development of your action plan. Your plan should: o Emphasize the problem definition stage (Stage 1 of the ARPP), including the generation of alternative courses of action. o Align with the problem definition. o Include analysis of the Dana Hall situation and the organizational context of the problem. o Establish alternatives and your choice for a course of action. 3. Present you analysis of the problem and your preliminary action plan. Choose one of the following two options.

The Sole MExican :: essays research papers

Tank: Press Circle(6), R1, L2, L1, Triangle, Circle, Triangle during game play. A message will confirm correct code entry. The tank will appear in front of you. This may be repeated as many times as needed. Information in this section was contributed by SionYoung via Grub Fisher, Justin, Adam Santilllana, James Henderson, and others. Dodo car: Press Right, R2, Circle, R1, L2, Down, L1, R1 during game play. A message will confirm correct code entry. Information in this section was contributed by Gxp via WISBIZKIT69, Adam Santilllana, Carl Buckley, and others. No wanted level: Press R2(2), L1, R2, Up, Down, Up, Down, Up, Down during game play. A message will confirm correct code entry. Note: Saving the game will make the effects of this code permanent. Information in this section was contributed by Adam Santilllana, Woody Woody, Carl Buckley, and others. Higher wanted level: Press R2(2), L1, R2, Left, Right, Left, Right, Left during game play. A message will confirm correct code entry. Note: Saving the game will make the effects of this code permanent. Information in this section was contributed by Adam Santilllana, Carl Buckley, and others. All weapons: Press R2(2), L1, R2, Left, Down, Right, Up, Left, Down, Right, Up during game play. A message will confirm correct code entry. Repeat this code for more ammunition. Information in this section was contributed by Adam Santilllana, John Wooley, Carl Buckley, and others. To get unlimited ammunition, enable the "All weapons" code continuously until whatever you want is at 9999 shots. The next time your clip runs out, it will reload automatically but the magazine (9999) will stay the same. Information in this section was contributed by Michel Soucy. Full health: Press R2(2), L1, R1, Left, Down, Right, Up, Left, Down, Right, Up during game play. A message will confirm correct code entry. Information in this section was contributed by Adam Santilllana, John Wooley, Carl Buckley, and others. If your vehicle is on fire, enable the "Full health" code to extinguish it. Information in this section was contributed by Rene Arrezola. Full armor: Press R2(2), L1, L2, Left, Down, Right, Up, Left, Down, Right, Up during game play. A message will confirm correct code entry. Information in this section was contributed by Adam Santilllana, John Wooley, Carl Buckley, and others. More money: Press R2(2), L1, L1, Left, Down, Right, Up, Left, Down, Right, Up during game play. A message will confirm correct code entry. Information in this section was contributed by Adam Santilllana, Carl Buckley, and others. The Sole MExican :: essays research papers Tank: Press Circle(6), R1, L2, L1, Triangle, Circle, Triangle during game play. A message will confirm correct code entry. The tank will appear in front of you. This may be repeated as many times as needed. Information in this section was contributed by SionYoung via Grub Fisher, Justin, Adam Santilllana, James Henderson, and others. Dodo car: Press Right, R2, Circle, R1, L2, Down, L1, R1 during game play. A message will confirm correct code entry. Information in this section was contributed by Gxp via WISBIZKIT69, Adam Santilllana, Carl Buckley, and others. No wanted level: Press R2(2), L1, R2, Up, Down, Up, Down, Up, Down during game play. A message will confirm correct code entry. Note: Saving the game will make the effects of this code permanent. Information in this section was contributed by Adam Santilllana, Woody Woody, Carl Buckley, and others. Higher wanted level: Press R2(2), L1, R2, Left, Right, Left, Right, Left during game play. A message will confirm correct code entry. Note: Saving the game will make the effects of this code permanent. Information in this section was contributed by Adam Santilllana, Carl Buckley, and others. All weapons: Press R2(2), L1, R2, Left, Down, Right, Up, Left, Down, Right, Up during game play. A message will confirm correct code entry. Repeat this code for more ammunition. Information in this section was contributed by Adam Santilllana, John Wooley, Carl Buckley, and others. To get unlimited ammunition, enable the "All weapons" code continuously until whatever you want is at 9999 shots. The next time your clip runs out, it will reload automatically but the magazine (9999) will stay the same. Information in this section was contributed by Michel Soucy. Full health: Press R2(2), L1, R1, Left, Down, Right, Up, Left, Down, Right, Up during game play. A message will confirm correct code entry. Information in this section was contributed by Adam Santilllana, John Wooley, Carl Buckley, and others. If your vehicle is on fire, enable the "Full health" code to extinguish it. Information in this section was contributed by Rene Arrezola. Full armor: Press R2(2), L1, L2, Left, Down, Right, Up, Left, Down, Right, Up during game play. A message will confirm correct code entry. Information in this section was contributed by Adam Santilllana, John Wooley, Carl Buckley, and others. More money: Press R2(2), L1, L1, Left, Down, Right, Up, Left, Down, Right, Up during game play. A message will confirm correct code entry. Information in this section was contributed by Adam Santilllana, Carl Buckley, and others.

Project Approach: A Key for Better Learning Essay

The Project approach type of learning presented by Sylvia Chard is an effective tool to use in the learning place. This approach allows students, especially the younger ones, to develop a wide range of learning and have a thorough understanding on different things which they encounter in their everyday lives. The said approach promotes the use of a specific topic which is most likely relevant to young children. Although there is a vast of topics in which the teacher can choose from, it is important to consider that the topic to be chosen should be of significant to the learners. Topics to be used must be link to other areas of study. In adapting the said approach, a teacher must first understand that this approach is a means to supplement and provide the children with contexts for applying the skills they learn in the more formal parts of the curriculum. A more concrete, local and specific topic is best to be used on younger learners. The teacher must however note the differences between a topic and a theme. Distinction between these two concepts should be clear. A topic defines a more exact area of study than the so called theme. Having a vague idea between the two concepts may lead to poor teaching and may cause confusion to children in the classroom. An educator must also note the distinction between a project and a unit because these two concepts are sometimes used interchangeably. As to any approach in the teaching process, it is imperative for a teacher to first understand the depth and the concerns of the process. Before implementing a project to young children, the teacher should assess and have a clear idea on what he would like to portray to his students. Initial planning and used of tools such as the topic web would be beneficial. Considering planning before starting the project would lead to a more organized manner of teaching. Furthermore, consulting other teachers on the prepared project would help one to improve his project. Application of the project approach in the learning place would bring a lot of benefits if properly executed. This approach develops a learner’s capability to think critically in analyzing the topic presented. They will be more likely to raise their opinions and questions regarding the topic presented and tend to find solutions and justification by collaborative working with other children and their teacher. And as opposed to the systematic approach of teaching, the project approach encourages active participation of the children because this addresses their proficiencies instead of their deficiencies. Knowing the nature of young children, they are more encourage and motivated if the teacher would acknowledge their accomplished works. In addition, this approach would also promote active participation of children in the learning place and would therefore make the discussion to be more lively and interactive. Reference Chard, Sylvia C. (1992). The Project Approach: A Practical Guide for Teachers. Edmonton, Alberta: University of Alberta Printing Services.

Discussion of the history of cosmetics Essay

The dawn of modern cosmetics began divided into the following categories: Grolier (2005: 188-191). a. Powders – face powder usually contains talk, chalk, kaolin, and mixtures of zinc oxide, titanium oxide and various powdered pigments. Properly prepared, this mixture spreads easily, adheres to the skin, and absorbs some moisture. b. Emulsions – these are fine particles of oil dispersed in water. Vanishing creams and cold creams are examples of emulsions. Thinner emulsions, which contain more water relative to the oil content, are used as cleansing lotions and hand creams. c. Lipsticks – this is made up of oils, such as castor oil, mixed with waxes and pigments or dyes, and hardened into molds. Since the materials used in manufacturing lipsticks are actually taken into the body, the choice of ingredients is limited to those which are known or assumed to be non-toxic. d. Eye Makeup – these are eyebrow pencils, eye shadow, and mascara are, like lipstick, compounds of oil, wax and pigments. They, too, must be made of non-toxic or non-injurious materials. Cosmetics have come a long way in modern history and played a significant role in adorning both men and women for various occasions. It has been so widely-used that its functions have traversed into extremes for beautification purposes – it can either conceal or flaunt an asset of a person. It can serve as mask or a highlighter. This just means that it has the ability to change the appearance of the person according to the manner it was used. At the end of the day, personal psyche dictates that every person intends or strives to become pleasant to the eyes of the millions of people around him or her. What is beautiful has also changed over the years. The definition of what is beautiful goes across regions, beliefs, religion and societal perceptions. Burke (2003:75-77): According to the twentieth century philosopher Charles Hartshorne, â€Å"Beauty is the centerpiece of this classical trinity and that nothing in our experience is exempt from the touch of the beautiful†. Beyond aesthetics, what is beautiful is how one perceives it to be, in that if he or she can find beauty in there. Therefore, the quality of what is beautiful has emerged from mere prettiness or elaborate ornamentation into an instrument of life towards survival in the continuous evolution of life in this planet. It can be found that the link between biology and beauty has dictated the development of humans and other species. Scientific studies strengthens the debate that the beautiful will emerge as the survivors given that their counterparts find them more attractive than the rest and that they are perceived to produce the most beautiful offsprings. In this biological quest for a successful and healthy reproduction process, the preference is indeed given to those mates who appear healthy. A healthy individual is visually manifested in their skin and hair, by the movement of their body, by a proportioned and toned body. These are the people judged to be beautiful. If the experts are correct in these assumptions or scientific observations, men usually look for women who appear young and fertile. This is where cosmetics leverage onto. Burke (2003:75-77): The cosmetic industry tries to address this so-called â€Å"need† that women continue to appear young despite already going beyond their fertile or child-bearing years. Nevertheless, beyond the need to reproduce our genes, the core of beauty still delves on the ability of a person to identify and bring out the beauty in their lives. We need not generate only life in this world, but also generate beauty that will make life even more worthwhile. It is the appreciation of beauty in our surroundings even without the use of any form of artificial adornment such as cosmetics that will enable one to realize the beauty of life, that it is worth-knowing and worth living after all. Given how important the nation for beauty is perceived across nations, and beyond borders, how cosmetics value this perception and its effects to the human well-being is crucial. Dermatological diseases have sprung in the recent years that come in a range from minor cosmetic problems to even life-threatening problems, as displayed in some disorders commonly due to skin differentiation processes. Zeeuwen (2004:176). With this statement, one should also be vigilant and be a knowledgeable end-user of these products that attempt to change certain elements of your natural state of appearance or being to some extent. The law of economics reminds us that with in every level of quality increased, price is directly affected as it is directly correlated.